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A2 · Grammar & linking words (1)

A2 · 文法語・つなぎ言葉 (1)

1
matter(noun)
/ˈmætər/
困ったこと, 問題, 支障
used (to ask) if somebody is upset, unhappy, etc. or if there is a problem
What's the matter? You look very tired today.
どうしたの？今日はとても疲れているようだね。
類義語issueconcerntopicsubjectaffairbusinessthing
対義語insignificancetrivialityunimportance
2
herself(pronoun)
/hɜːrˈself/
彼女自身 (kanojo jishin)
used when the woman or girl who performs an action is also affected by it
She must be very proud of herself.
彼女は自分のことをとても誇りに思っているに違いない (Kanojo wa jibun no koto o totemo hokori ni omotte iru ni chigainai).
She hurt herself.
類義語itselfthemselves
対義語otherssomebody else
3
himself(pronoun)
/hɪmˈself/
彼自身 (kare jishin - for male)
used when the man or boy who performs an action is also affected by it
Peter ought to be ashamed of himself.
ピーターは彼自身を恥じるべきだ。(Piitaa wa kare jishin o hajiru beki da.)
He introduced himself.
類義語selfpersonallyin person
対義語otherssomeone else
4
except(preposition)
/ɪkˈsept/
～を除いて
used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true
We work every day except Sunday.
私たちは日曜日を除いて毎日働きます。
Our dresses were the same except mine was red.
類義語excludingbutsaveapart fromaside fromwith the exception of
対義語includingplusin addition to
5
especially(adverb)
/ɪˈspeʃəli/
特に (tokuni)
more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others
Teenagers are very fashion conscious, especially girls.
ティーンエイジャーはファッションにとても敏感で、特に女の子はそうです。(Tiin'eeijaa wa fasshon ni totemo binkan de, tokuni onnanoko wa sou desu.)
I love Rome, especially in the spring.
類義語particularlymainlyprimarilynotablysignificantlyin particular
対義語generallyusuallyordinarilycommonlytypically
6
actually(adverb)
/ˈæktʃuəli/
実際には
used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that something is really true
It's not actually raining now.
今は実際には雨は降っていません。
There are lots of people there who can actually help you.
類義語reallyin factgenuinelytrulyveritablyindeedliterally
対義語theoreticallyhypotheticallyapparentlyostensiblyseeminglyfalselyincorrectly
7
hers(pronoun)
/hɜːrz/
彼女のもの
of or belonging to her
His eyes met hers.
彼の目は彼女の目と合った。
The choice was hers.
類義語herbelonging to herof her
対義語hismineyoursourstheirs
8
including(preposition)
/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
含む (fukumu)
having something as part of a group or set
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
元日を含めて3日間の休暇があります。 (Ganjitsu o fukumete mikkakan no kyūka ga arimasu.)
It's £7.50, not including tax.
類義語comprisingencompassingincorporatingconsisting ofembracing
対義語excludingomittingexceptingwithoutexcluding
9
although(conjunction)
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/
けれども
used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising
Although small, the kitchen is well designed.
小さいけれども、そのキッチンはよく設計されている。
Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm.
類義語thougheven thoughwhilstnotwithstandingalbeit
対義語becausesinceasdue to
10
either(determiner, pronoun)
/ˈiːðər/
どちらの, どちらでも
one or the other of two; it does not matter which
You can park on either side of the street.
通りのどちら側にも駐車できます。
類義語alsotooas welllikewisesimilarly
対義語onlyalonesolely
11
all right(exclamation)
/ɔːl raɪt/
いいよ, 分かった, しかたない
used to show that you agree to do something or that you accept something
‘Can you do it?’ ‘Oh, all right.’
「それ、できる?」「うん、まあ、いいよ。」
類義語okayfineacceptablegoodyesagreed
対義語nobadwrongunacceptabledisagree
12
according to(preposition)
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tə/
〜によると
as stated or reported by somebody/something
You've been absent six times according to our records.
記録によると、あなたは6回欠席しています。
According to Mick, it's a great movie.
類義語based onin accordance withconsistent withbyas stated by
対義語contrary toregardless ofdespite
13
instead(adverb)
/ɪnˈsted/
代わりに (kawari ni)
in the place of somebody/something
Lee was ill so I went instead.
リーは病気だったので、代わりに私が行きました。
He didn't reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.
類義語alternativelyratherin place ofas a substitutein lieu of
対義語as wellalsoin additionfurthermore
14
anyway(adverb)
/ˈeniweɪ/
とにかく
used when adding something to support an idea or argument
It's too late now, anyway.
とにかく、もう遅すぎる。
It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.
類義語regardlessneverthelessnonethelessin any caseat any ratestillhowever
対義語thereforeconsequentlyas a resultaccordingly
15
itself(pronoun)
/ɪtˈself/
それ自体
used when the animal or thing that does an action is also affected by it
Does the computer turn itself off?
コンピューターは勝手に電源が切れますか？
The cat was washing itself.
類義語its very beingits own selfin itselfautomaticallyindependently
対義語externallyotheranother
16
ah(exclamation)
/ɑː/
ああ
used to express surprise, pleasure or sympathy, or when you disagree with somebody
Ah, now I understand.
ああ、今わかった。
類義語ohwellhmmalasdear
対義語none
17
anybody(pronoun)
/ˈenibɑːdi/
誰でも
used instead of somebody in negative sentences and in questions after if /whether , and after verbs such as prevent , forbid , avoid , etc.
Has anybody seen my keys?
誰か私の鍵を見ませんでしたか？
類義語anyonesomeonesomebodya person
対義語nobodyno one
18
fortunately(adverb)
/ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
幸いにも
by good luck
Fortunately, the rain stopped before the game started.
幸いにも、試合が始まる前に雨が止んだ。
類義語luckilyhappilythankfully
対義語unfortunatelyunluckily