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A2 · Grammar & linking words (1)

A2 · كلمات نحوية وأدوات ربط (1)

1
matter(noun)
/ˈmætər/
المشكلة, الأمر
used (to ask) if somebody is upset, unhappy, etc. or if there is a problem
What's the matter? You look very tired today.
ما الأمر؟ تبدو متعبًا جدًا اليوم.
المرادفاتissueconcerntopicsubjectaffairbusinessthing
الأضدادinsignificancetrivialityunimportance
2
herself(pronoun)
/hɜːrˈself/
نفسها (nafsuha)
used when the woman or girl who performs an action is also affected by it
She must be very proud of herself.
لا بد أنها فخورة جدا بنفسها. (La budda annaha fakhura jiddan binafsiha.)
She hurt herself.
المرادفاتitselfthemselves
الأضدادotherssomebody else
3
himself(pronoun)
/hɪmˈself/
نفسه (nafsuhu - male)
used when the man or boy who performs an action is also affected by it
Peter ought to be ashamed of himself.
يجب أن يخجل بيتر من نفسه. (Yajib 'an yakhjal bitir min nafsihi.)
He introduced himself.
المرادفاتselfpersonallyin person
الأضدادotherssomeone else
4
except(preposition)
/ɪkˈsept/
باستثناء
used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true
We work every day except Sunday.
نحن نعمل كل يوم باستثناء يوم الأحد.
Our dresses were the same except mine was red.
المرادفاتexcludingbutsaveapart fromaside fromwith the exception of
الأضدادincludingplusin addition to
5
especially(adverb)
/ɪˈspeʃəli/
خاصةً (khaasatan)
more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others
Teenagers are very fashion conscious, especially girls.
المراهقون واعون جدًا بالموضة، وخاصةً الفتيات. (almurahiqoun wa'un jiddan bilmouda, wakhassatan alfatiat.)
I love Rome, especially in the spring.
المرادفاتparticularlymainlyprimarilynotablysignificantlyin particular
الأضدادgenerallyusuallyordinarilycommonlytypically
6
actually(adverb)
/ˈæktʃuəli/
في الواقع
used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that something is really true
It's not actually raining now.
في الواقع لا تمطر الآن.
There are lots of people there who can actually help you.
المرادفاتreallyin factgenuinelytrulyveritablyindeedliterally
الأضدادtheoreticallyhypotheticallyapparentlyostensiblyseeminglyfalselyincorrectly
7
hers(pronoun)
/hɜːrz/
لها
of or belonging to her
His eyes met hers.
التقَت عيناهُ بعينيها.
The choice was hers.
المرادفاتherbelonging to herof her
الأضدادhismineyoursourstheirs
8
including(preposition)
/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
بما في ذلك (bima fi dhalik)
having something as part of a group or set
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
لدي ثلاثة أيام عطلة بما في ذلك يوم رأس السنة. (ladayya thalathata ayyam 'utlatan bima fi dhalik yawm ra's al-sana.)
It's £7.50, not including tax.
المرادفاتcomprisingencompassingincorporatingconsisting ofembracing
الأضدادexcludingomittingexceptingwithoutexcluding
9
although(conjunction)
/ɔːlˈðəʊ/
بالرغم من
used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising
Although small, the kitchen is well designed.
بالرغم من صغر حجمه، إلا أن المطبخ مصمم بشكل جيد.
Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm.
المرادفاتthougheven thoughwhilstnotwithstandingalbeit
الأضدادbecausesinceasdue to
10
either(determiner, pronoun)
/ˈiːðər/
أيّ من الاثنين، كلا
one or the other of two; it does not matter which
You can park on either side of the street.
يمكنك ركن السيارة على أي من جانبي الشارع.
المرادفاتalsotooas welllikewisesimilarly
الأضدادonlyalonesolely
11
all right(exclamation)
/ɔːl raɪt/
حسنًا, موافق, طيب
used to show that you agree to do something or that you accept something
‘Can you do it?’ ‘Oh, all right.’
«هل تستطيع فعل ذلك؟» «حسنًا، موافق.»
المرادفاتokayfineacceptablegoodyesagreed
الأضدادnobadwrongunacceptabledisagree
12
according to(preposition)
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tə/
وفقًا لـ
as stated or reported by somebody/something
You've been absent six times according to our records.
لقد تغيبت ست مرات وفقًا لسجلاتنا.
According to Mick, it's a great movie.
المرادفاتbased onin accordance withconsistent withbyas stated by
الأضدادcontrary toregardless ofdespite
13
instead(adverb)
/ɪnˈsted/
بدلًا من ذلك, بدلًا منه
in the place of somebody/something
Lee was ill so I went instead.
كان لي مريضًا فذهبت أنا بدلًا منه.
He didn't reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.
المرادفاتalternativelyratherin place ofas a substitutein lieu of
الأضدادas wellalsoin additionfurthermore
14
anyway(adverb)
/ˈeniweɪ/
على أي حال
used when adding something to support an idea or argument
It's too late now, anyway.
على أي حال، لقد فات الأوان الآن.
It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.
المرادفاتregardlessneverthelessnonethelessin any caseat any ratestillhowever
الأضدادthereforeconsequentlyas a resultaccordingly
15
itself(pronoun)
/ɪtˈself/
بنفسه
used when the animal or thing that does an action is also affected by it
Does the computer turn itself off?
هل يطفئ الكمبيوتر نفسه؟
The cat was washing itself.
المرادفاتits very beingits own selfin itselfautomaticallyindependently
الأضدادexternallyotheranother
16
ah(exclamation)
/ɑː/
آه
used to express surprise, pleasure or sympathy, or when you disagree with somebody
Ah, now I understand.
آه، الآن فهمت.
المرادفاتohwellhmmalasdear
الأضدادnone
17
anybody(pronoun)
/ˈenibɑːdi/
أي شخص
used instead of somebody in negative sentences and in questions after if /whether , and after verbs such as prevent , forbid , avoid , etc.
Has anybody seen my keys?
هل رأى أحد مفتاحي؟
المرادفاتanyonesomeonesomebodya person
الأضدادnobodyno one
18
fortunately(adverb)
/ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
لحسن الحظ
by good luck
Fortunately, the rain stopped before the game started.
لحسن الحظ، توقف المطر قبل بداية المباراة.
المرادفاتluckilyhappilythankfully
الأضدادunfortunatelyunluckily