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A1 · Grammar & linking words (1)

A1 · 文法語・つなぎ言葉 (1)

1
and(conjunction)
/ənd/
と (to)
also; in addition to
Sue and I left early
スーと私は早く出発しました (Sū to watashi wa hayaku shuppatsu shimashita)
bread and butter
類義語plusalsotogether within addition to
対義語ornorinstead of
2
could(modal verb)
/kəd/
できた
used as the past tense of ‘can’
She said that she couldn't come.
彼女は来られないと言った。
I couldn't hear what they were saying.
類義語was able towas capable ofhad the ability tomightmay
対義語couldn'twas unable tocan't
3
as(conjunction)
/əz/
～している時に, ～しながら
while something else is happening
He sat watching her as she got ready.
彼は彼女が身支度をするのを座って見ていた。
As she grew older she gained in confidence.
類義語whilewhenbecausesincelikesuch as
対義語unlikedissimilarly
4
anyone(pronoun)
/ˈeniwʌn/
誰でも
used instead of someone in negative sentences and in questions after if /whether , and after verbs such as prevent , forbid , avoid , etc.
Hardly anyone came.
ほとんど誰も来なかった。
I forbid anyone to touch that clock.
類義語anybodysomeonesomebodyany personeverybody
対義語nobodyno onenone
5
any(determiner)
/ˈeni/
どれでも
used with uncountable or plural nouns in negative sentences and questions, after if or whether , and after some verbs such as prevent , ban , forbid , etc. to refer to an amount or a number of something, however large or small
I've got hardly any money.
ほとんどお金がない。
She asked if we had any questions.
類義語someoneeveryeachalleither
対義語nonenonever
6
by(preposition)
/baɪ/
〜で, 〜によって
used for showing how or in what way something is done
We usually go to school by bus, but today we walked.
私たちはたいてい学校へバスで行くが、今日は歩いた。
類義語nearnext tobesideclose toalongside
対義語far fromaway from
7
even(adverb)
/ˈiːvn/
〜さえ
used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising
He never even opened the letter (= so he certainly didn't read it).
彼は手紙をさえ開けなかった（＝だから彼は絶対に読んでいない）。
Even a child can understand it (= so adults certainly can).
類義語alsojustactuallyreallytrulyindeed
対義語nevernotcontrary
8
another(determiner)
/əˈnʌðər/
もう一つの, もう一人の, 別の
one more; an extra thing or person
Would you like another drink?
飲み物をもう一杯いかがですか。
‘Finished?’ ‘No, I've got another three questions to do.’
類義語additionalextrafurthermoredifferentone more
対義語noneno morethe same
9
both(determiner, pronoun)
/bəʊθ/
両方
used with plural nouns to mean ‘the two’ or ‘the one as well as the other’
We have both seen the movie.
私たちは二人ともその映画を見ました。
Both (my) sisters live in London.
類義語twocouplepairthe pair
対義語neithernoneeither
10
about(preposition)
/əˈbaʊt/
~について, ~に関して
on the subject of somebody/something; in connection with somebody/something
We talked about our favourite sports after school.
放課後、私たちは好きなスポーツについて話した。
類義語approximatelyaroundroughlynearlyalmostclose to
対義語exactlypreciselydefinitelycertainly
11
anything(pronoun)
/ˈeniθɪŋ/
何か
used instead of something in negative sentences and in questions; after if /whether ; and after verbs such as prevent , ban , avoid , etc.
If you remember anything, please let us know.
何か覚えていたら、教えてください。
There's never anything worth watching on TV.
類義語somethingeverythingallanywhatever
対義語nothing
12
can(modal verb)
/kən/
できる, ありうる
used to say that it is possible for somebody/something to do something, or for something to happen
I can swim, but I can't ride a horse.
私は泳げますが、馬には乗れません。
類義語preservetinput up
対義語freshunprocessedunpackaged
13
also(adverb)
/ˈɔːlsəʊ/
また
in addition; too
She's fluent in French and German. She also speaks a little Italian.
彼女はフランス語とドイツ語が堪能です。彼女はまた、イタリア語も少し話します。
rubella, also known as German measles
類義語tooas wellin additionfurthermoremoreover
対義語neithernorinsteadconversely
14
but(conjunction)
/bət/
しかし, だが, けれども
used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before
I would like to come to the party, but I am too busy.
パーティーに行きたいのですが、忙しすぎるのです。
類義語howeveryetalthoughthoughneverthelessstill
対義語andalsofurthermore
15
every(determiner)
/ˈevri/
すべての
used with singular nouns to refer to all the members of a group of things or people
Every classroom has 25 desks.
すべての教室に25個の机があります。
They were watching her every movement.
類義語eachallanythe whole of
対義語nononesomefew
16
a(determiner)
/ə/
ひとつの, ある
used before countable or singular nouns referring to people or things that have not already been mentioned
She's a friend of my father's (= one of my father's friends).
彼女は私の父の友人です（父の友人の一人）。
a man/horse/unit
類義語oneanany
対義語theall
17
everyone(pronoun)
/ˈevriwʌn/
全員
every person; all people
Everyone is waiting outside.
みんな外で待っています。
Everyone cheered and clapped.
類義語everybodyalleach personeach onethe whole world
対義語no onenobodynone
18
each(determiner)
/iːtʃ/
それぞれの, 各, 各自の
used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separately
Each answer is worth 20 points.
それぞれの解答は20点の価値がある。
There aren't enough books for everyone to have one each.
類義語everyperindividualallany
対義語noneno
19
else(adverb)
/els/
他に
in addition to something already mentioned
I don't want anything else, thanks.
他には何もいりません、ありがとう。
I'm taking a few clothes and some books, not much else.
類義語otheradditionalextramore
対義語sameidenticalaforementioned
20
bye(exclamation)
/baɪ/
さようなら (sayounara)
goodbye
Bye. See you very soon.
さようなら。またすぐに会いましょう。(Sayounara. Mata sugu ni aimashou.)
類義語goodbyefarewellso longsee you lateradios
対義語hellogreetingswelcome
21
because(conjunction)
/bɪˈkəz/
なぜなら
for the reason that
I did it because he told me to.
彼に言われたから、そうした。
類義語sinceasfordue toin view ofon account of
対義語despitealthoughin spite ofregardless ofeven though
22
be(verb)
/bi/
である
used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them
I want to be a doctor.
私は医者になりたいです。
類義語existbecomeconstituterepresentequaloccur
対義語nonexistenceabsencelack
23
cannot(modal verb)
/ˈkænɑːt/
できない
the negative of can ; can not
I cannot go to the party tonight.
今夜パーティーに行けません。
類義語unableincapablenot able to
対義語canablecapable
24
everybody(pronoun)
/ˈevribɑːdi/
みんな
every person; all people
Everybody loves ice cream.
みんなアイスクリームが大好きです。
類義語everyonealleach person
対義語nobodyno one