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A1 · Grammar & linking words (1)

A1 · كلمات نحوية وأدوات ربط (1)

  1. 1

    and(conjunction)

    /ənd/

    و (wa)

    also; in addition to

    Sue and I left early

    غادرت سو وأنا مبكراً (ghadarat su wa'ana mubakkiran)

    bread and butter

    المرادفاتplusalsotogether within addition to
    الأضدادornorinstead of
  2. 2

    could(modal verb)

    /kəd/

    استطاع

    used as the past tense of ‘can’

    She said that she couldn't come.

    قالت أنها لا تستطيع المجيء.

    I couldn't hear what they were saying.

    المرادفاتwas able towas capable ofhad the ability tomightmay
    الأضدادcouldn'twas unable tocan't
  3. 3

    as(conjunction)

    /əz/

    بينما, عندما

    while something else is happening

    He sat watching her as she got ready.

    جلس يراقبها بينما كانت تستعد.

    As she grew older she gained in confidence.

    المرادفاتwhilewhenbecausesincelikesuch as
    الأضدادunlikedissimilarly
  4. 4

    anyone(pronoun)

    /ˈeniwʌn/

    أيّ شخص

    used instead of someone in negative sentences and in questions after if /whether , and after verbs such as prevent , forbid , avoid , etc.

    Hardly anyone came.

    لم يأت أحد تقريبًا.

    I forbid anyone to touch that clock.

    المرادفاتanybodysomeonesomebodyany personeverybody
    الأضدادnobodyno onenone
  5. 5

    any(determiner)

    /ˈeni/

    أي

    used with uncountable or plural nouns in negative sentences and questions, after if or whether , and after some verbs such as prevent , ban , forbid , etc. to refer to an amount or a number of something, however large or small

    I've got hardly any money.

    لا أملك أي مال تقريبًا.

    She asked if we had any questions.

    المرادفاتsomeoneeveryeachalleither
    الأضدادnonenonever
  6. 6

    by(preposition)

    /baɪ/

    بـ، عن طريق

    used for showing how or in what way something is done

    We usually go to school by bus, but today we walked.

    نذهب عادةً إلى المدرسة بالحافلة، لكننا مشينا اليوم.

    المرادفاتnearnext tobesideclose toalongside
    الأضدادfar fromaway from
  7. 7

    even(adverb)

    /ˈiːvn/

    حتى

    used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising

    He never even opened the letter (= so he certainly didn't read it).

    لم يفتح الرسالة حتى (= لذلك بالتأكيد لم يقرأها).

    Even a child can understand it (= so adults certainly can).

    المرادفاتalsojustactuallyreallytrulyindeed
    الأضدادnevernotcontrary
  8. 8

    another(determiner)

    /əˈnʌðər/

    آخر, إضافي

    one more; an extra thing or person

    Would you like another drink?

    هل تودّ مشروبًا آخر؟

    ‘Finished?’ ‘No, I've got another three questions to do.’

    المرادفاتadditionalextrafurthermoredifferentone more
    الأضدادnoneno morethe same
  9. 9

    both(determiner, pronoun)

    /bəʊθ/

    كِلا

    used with plural nouns to mean ‘the two’ or ‘the one as well as the other’

    We have both seen the movie.

    كِلانا شاهد الفيلم.

    Both (my) sisters live in London.

    المرادفاتtwocouplepairthe pair
    الأضدادneithernoneeither
  10. 10

    about(preposition)

    /əˈbaʊt/

    عن, حول

    on the subject of somebody/something; in connection with somebody/something

    We talked about our favourite sports after school.

    تحدثنا عن رياضاتنا المفضلة بعد المدرسة.

    المرادفاتapproximatelyaroundroughlynearlyalmostclose to
    الأضدادexactlypreciselydefinitelycertainly
  11. 11

    anything(pronoun)

    /ˈeniθɪŋ/

    أي شيء

    used instead of something in negative sentences and in questions; after if /whether ; and after verbs such as prevent , ban , avoid , etc.

    If you remember anything, please let us know.

    إذا تذكرت أي شيء، يرجى إخبارنا.

    There's never anything worth watching on TV.

    المرادفاتsomethingeverythingallanywhatever
    الأضدادnothing
  12. 12

    can(modal verb)

    /kən/

    يستطيع, يمكن

    used to say that it is possible for somebody/something to do something, or for something to happen

    I can swim, but I can't ride a horse.

    أستطيع السباحة، لكنني لا أستطيع ركوب الخيل.

    المرادفاتpreservetinput up
    الأضدادfreshunprocessedunpackaged
  13. 13

    also(adverb)

    /ˈɔːlsəʊ/

    أيضًا

    in addition; too

    She's fluent in French and German. She also speaks a little Italian.

    هي تتقن الفرنسية والألمانية. كما أنها تتحدث القليل من الإيطالية.

    rubella, also known as German measles

    المرادفاتtooas wellin additionfurthermoremoreover
    الأضدادneithernorinsteadconversely
  14. 14

    but(conjunction)

    /bət/

    لكن, ولكنّ

    used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before

    I would like to come to the party, but I am too busy.

    أودّ أن آتي إلى الحفلة، لكنني مشغول جدًا.

    المرادفاتhoweveryetalthoughthoughneverthelessstill
    الأضدادandalsofurthermore
  15. 15

    every(determiner)

    /ˈevri/

    كل

    used with singular nouns to refer to all the members of a group of things or people

    Every classroom has 25 desks.

    كل فصل دراسي به 25 مكتب.

    They were watching her every movement.

    المرادفاتeachallanythe whole of
    الأضدادnononesomefew
  16. 16

    a(determiner)

    /ə/

    واحد

    used before countable or singular nouns referring to people or things that have not already been mentioned

    She's a friend of my father's (= one of my father's friends).

    هي صديقة لوالدي (أي إحدى صديقات والدي).

    a man/horse/unit

    المرادفاتoneanany
    الأضدادtheall
  17. 17

    everyone(pronoun)

    /ˈevriwʌn/

    الجميع

    every person; all people

    Everyone is waiting outside.

    الجميع ينتظرون في الخارج.

    Everyone cheered and clapped.

    المرادفاتeverybodyalleach personeach onethe whole world
    الأضدادno onenobodynone
  18. 18

    each(determiner)

    /iːtʃ/

    كلّ

    used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separately

    Each answer is worth 20 points.

    كل إجابة تساوي 20 نقطة.

    There aren't enough books for everyone to have one each.

    المرادفاتeveryperindividualallany
    الأضدادnoneno
  19. 19

    else(adverb)

    /els/

    آخر

    in addition to something already mentioned

    I don't want anything else, thanks.

    لا أريد أي شيء آخر، شكرا.

    I'm taking a few clothes and some books, not much else.

    المرادفاتotheradditionalextramore
    الأضدادsameidenticalaforementioned
  20. 20

    bye(exclamation)

    /baɪ/

    إلى اللقاء (ilaa alliqaa')

    goodbye

    Bye. See you very soon.

    إلى اللقاء. أراك قريبا جدا. (ilaa alliqaa'. 'araak qaribanaa jidaan.)

    المرادفاتgoodbyefarewellso longsee you lateradios
    الأضدادhellogreetingswelcome
  21. 21

    because(conjunction)

    /bɪˈkəz/

    لأن

    for the reason that

    I did it because he told me to.

    فعلت ذلك لأنه طلب مني ذلك.

    المرادفاتsinceasfordue toin view ofon account of
    الأضدادdespitealthoughin spite ofregardless ofeven though
  22. 22

    be(verb)

    /bi/

    يكون

    used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them

    I want to be a doctor.

    أريد أن أكون طبيباً.

    المرادفاتexistbecomeconstituterepresentequaloccur
    الأضدادnonexistenceabsencelack
  23. 23

    cannot(modal verb)

    /ˈkænɑːt/

    لا يمكن

    the negative of can ; can not

    I cannot go to the party tonight.

    لا أستطيع الذهاب إلى الحفلة الليلة.

    المرادفاتunableincapablenot able to
    الأضدادcanablecapable
  24. 24

    everybody(pronoun)

    /ˈevribɑːdi/

    الجميع

    every person; all people

    Everybody loves ice cream.

    الجميع يحبون المثلجات.

    المرادفاتeveryonealleach person
    الأضدادnobodyno one