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A1 · Grammar & linking words (3)

A1 · 文法語・つなぎ言葉 (3)

1
own(adjective)
/əʊn/
自分自身の, 自分の
used to emphasize that something belongs to or is connected with somebody
I'd like to have my own room one day.
いつか自分の部屋を持ちたい。
類義語possesshaveholdcontrolkeep
対義語rentleaseborrowowedispossess
2
that(pronoun)
/ðæt/
あれ, それ, あの人
used for referring to a person or thing that is not near the speaker or as near to the speaker as another
That is my school.
あれは私の学校です。
She said (that) the story was true.
類義語that onethe oneitwhich
対義語this
3
the(determiner)
/ðə/
その, あの
used to refer to somebody/something that has already been mentioned or is easily understood
There were three questions. The first two were relatively easy but the third one was hard.
質問が3つあった。最初の2つは比較的簡単だったが、3つ目は難しかった。
The nights are getting longer.
類義語thatthis
対義語aan
4
some(determiner)
/sʌm/
いくつか
used with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns to mean ‘an amount of’ or ‘a number of’, when the amount or number is not given
I have some friends.
私は何人かの友達がいます。
Here are some of our suggestions.
類義語a fewseverala number ofcertainvariousany
対義語nonealleverynowhole
5
than(preposition, conjunction)
/ðən/
〜より, 〜よりも
used to introduce the second part of a comparison
My brother is three years older than me.
私の兄は私より3歳年上だ。
類義語compared withas opposed tobeyondin comparison to
対義語sameequalidenticallike
6
our(determiner)
/ɑːr/
私たちの
belonging to us; connected with us
Our school is very nice.
私たちの学校はとても良いです。
Our main export is rice.
類義語belonging to usof ours
対義語theirtheirsyour
7
please(exclamation)
/pliːz/
どうぞ, お願いします
used as a polite way of asking for something or telling somebody to do something
Can I have a glass of water, please?
お水を一杯いただけますか。
類義語satisfydelightgratifyappeasehumor
対義語displeaseoffendannoydissatisfyupset
8
someone(pronoun)
/ˈsʌmwʌn/
誰か
a person who is not known or mentioned by name
There's someone at the door.
誰かがドアにいる。
Someone's left their bag behind.
類義語somebodya personan individualonea certain person
対義語nobodyno oneeveryoneeverybody
9
oh(exclamation)
/əʊ/
あら
used when you are reacting to something that has been said, especially if you did not know it before
You can't come tonight? Oh well, see you next week then.
今夜来れないの？あら、じゃあまた来週ね。
‘I saw Ben yesterday.’ ‘Oh yes, how is he?’
類義語alaswelldeargoshwowuh-oh
対義語nothingsilence
10
she(pronoun)
/ʃi/
彼女 (kanojo)
a female person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identified
Daisy is my friend. She is very kind.
デイジーは私の友達です。彼女はとても親切です。(Deijī wa watashi no tomodachi desu. Kanojo wa totemo shinsetsu desu.)
Doesn't she (= the woman we are looking at) look like Sue?
類義語herthe womanthat woman
対義語hehim
11
or(conjunction)
/ɔːr/
または
used to introduce another possibility
Is your sister older or younger than you?
あなたのお姉さんはあなたより年上ですか、それとも年下ですか？
Are you coming or not?
類義語otherwisealternatively
対義語and
12
of(preposition)
/əv/
の (no)
belonging to somebody; relating to somebody
the paintings of Monet
モネの絵 (Mone no e)
Can't you throw out that old bike of Tommy's?
類義語belonging tofromrelating toassociated withregardingconcerning
対義語withoutlacking
13
their(determiner)
/ðer/
彼らの
of or belonging to people, animals or things that have already been mentioned or are easily identified
Their school is very nice.
彼らの学校はとても良い。
Which is their house?
類義語belonging to themof them
対義語myyourourhisherits
14
something(pronoun)
/ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
何か, あるもの
a thing that is not known or mentioned by name
There is something in my bag, but I don't know what it is.
かばんの中に何かが入っているけれど、それが何かは分からない。
類義語thingitemobjectmatterstuffentity
対義語nothing
15
not(adverb)
/nɑːt/
〜ない, 〜しない
used with be , do or have to form the negative of verbs; used to form the negative of modal verbs like can or must
I am not hungry, but I am very tired.
私はお腹はすいていないが、とても疲れている。
類義語nonayneveropposite ofnegation
対義語yestruepositiveaffirmative
16
should(modal verb)
/ʃəd/
…すべきだ, …したほうがよい
used to say what is the right or sensible thing to do, especially when giving advice
You should see a doctor if your fever gets worse.
熱がひどくなるようなら、医者に診てもらったほうがいいですよ。
類義語ought tomustshallneed tobe obliged to
対義語shouldn'tmustn'tneedn't
17
so(conjunction)
/səʊ/
だから, それで
used to show the result of something; therefore
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
まだ痛みがあったので、医者に診てもらいに行った。
He never seems to smile.
類義語thereforeconsequentlyhencethusaccordingly
対義語becausesince
18
thanks(exclamation)
/θæŋks/
ありがとう, 感謝
used to show that you are grateful to somebody for something they have done
Thanks for helping me with my homework yesterday.
昨日は宿題を手伝ってくれてありがとう。
類義語gratitudeappreciationgratefulnessacknowledgmentrecognition
対義語ingratitudeunthankfulnessdisregardunappreciation
19
thank(verb)
/θæŋk/
感謝 (kansha)
to tell somebody that you are grateful for something
Thank you very much.
どうもありがとうございます (Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu)
There's no need to thank me—I enjoyed doing it.
類義語appreciateacknowledgebe gratefulgive thanks
対義語cursecriticizereproachcondemn
20
nothing(pronoun)
/ˈnʌθɪŋ/
何も
not anything; no single thing
Nothing else matters to him apart from his job.
彼の仕事以外、何も彼にとって重要ではない。
There was nothing in her bag.
類義語nilzeronoughtnadazip
対義語everythingsomethinganythingall
21
other(adjective, pronoun)
/ˈʌðər/
他の
used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have been mentioned or are known about
Are there any other questions?
他に質問はありますか？
類義語additionalalternativedifferentfurtherextra
対義語sameidenticaloneonly
22
nobody(pronoun)
/ˈnəʊbədi/
誰もいない
not anyone; no person
There was nobody at the door.
ドアには誰もいませんでした。
類義語no onenot a soulzeronone
対義語everybodysomeoneanyoneeveryone
23
only(adjective)
/ˈəʊnli/
唯一の, ただ一つの
used to say that no other or others of the same group exist or are there
She is the only person in our class who can speak Japanese.
彼女は私たちのクラスで日本語が話せる唯一の人だ。
類義語solelymerelyjustexclusively
対義語alsoin additionbesides
24
somebody(pronoun)
/ˈsʌmbədi/
誰か
a person who is not known or mentioned by name
Somebody left their umbrella in the office.
誰かがオフィスに傘を忘れていった。
類義語someonea personan individual
対義語nobodyno one