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A1 · Grammar & linking words (4)

A1 · 文法語・つなぎ言葉 (4)

1
them(pronoun)
/ðəm/
彼らを
used when referring to people, animals or things as the object of a verb or preposition, or after the verb be
Did you eat all of them?
彼らを全部食べましたか？
What are you doing with those matches? Give them to me.
類義語thosethesethe peoplethe ones
対義語none
2
we(pronoun)
/wi/
私たち
I and another person or other people; I and you
We are students.
私たちは学生です。
We'd (= the company would) like to offer you the job.
類義語usourselves
対義語Ime
3
they(pronoun)
/ðeɪ/
彼ら
people, animals or things that have already been mentioned or are easily identified
They are my friends.
彼らは私の友達です。
‘Where are John and Liz?’ ‘They went for a walk.’
類義語those peoplethese peoplethemthe ones
対義語Imeheshehimher
4
welcome(exclamation)
/ˈwelkəm/
ようこそ
used as a greeting to tell somebody that you are pleased that they are there
Welcome to our school! We are very happy you are here.
私たちの学校へようこそ!あなたがここに来てくれてとてもうれしいです。
類義語greetreceiveacceptembracehail
対義語rejectrefuseexcludeshunrepel
5
why(adverb)
/waɪ/
なぜ (naze)
used in questions to ask the reason for or purpose of something
Why is Hoa sad?
なぜホアは悲しいのですか？ (naze Hoa wa kanashii no desu ka?)
Tell me why you did it.
類義語for what reasonhow sowherefore
対義語because
6
you(pronoun)
/jə/
あなた
used as the subject or object of a verb or after a preposition to refer to the person or people being spoken or written to
You are very kind.
あなたはとても親切です。
Can I sit next to you?
類義語thoutheeyourself
対義語bayoucy youngcyrus the youngerdanton true youngdo-it-yourselfedward younggo-as-you-pleasegood for you
7
us(pronoun)
/əs/
私たち
used when the speaker or writer and another or others are the object of a verb or preposition, or after the verb be
Hello, it's us back again.
こんにちは、また私たちです。
We'll take the dog with us.
類義語weourselveswe all
対義語themyouI
8
what(pronoun, determiner)
/wʌt/
何
used in questions to ask for particular information about somebody/something
What is your favorite book?
あなたのお気に入りの本は何ですか？
What is your name?
類義語whichthathowthe thing thatthe item that
対義語nonenothing
9
your(determiner)
/jʊr/
あなたの
of or belonging to the person or people being spoken or written to
Your pen is very nice.
あなたのペンはとても素敵です。
Excuse me, is this your seat?
類義語belonging to youof you
対義語myhishertheirour
10
yeah(exclamation)
/jeə/
うん (un)
yes
"Do you like your job?" "Yeah, it's all right I suppose."
"仕事は好き？" "うん、まあまあかな。"
to have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision
類義語yesyepsureindeedrightokay
対義語nonopenah
11
who(pronoun)
/huː/
誰
used in questions to ask about the name, identity or function of one or more people
Who is this?
これは誰ですか？
Who is that woman?
類義語which personwhat person
対義語nobody
12
this(determiner, pronoun)
/ðɪs/
これ (kore)
used to refer to a particular person, thing or event that is close to you, especially compared with another
This is my teacher.
これは私の先生です。(Kore wa watashi no sensei desu.)
Is this your bag?
類義語thatthea
対義語thatthose
13
where(adverb)
/wer/
どこ
in or to what place or situation
Where is your white shirt?
あなたの白いシャツはどこにありますか？
I wonder where they will take us to.
類義語locationplacepositionspot
対義語nowhere
14
which(pronoun)
/wɪtʃ/
どれ, どちら, どの人
used in questions to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited number
Which of the applicants has got the job?
応募者のうち、どの人が仕事を得ましたか。
Which is better exercise—swimming or tennis?
類義語whatthatwhowhateverwhichever
対義語noneno one
15
without(preposition)
/wɪˈðaʊt/
なしで
not having, experiencing or showing something
He found the place without difficulty.
彼は苦労せずにその場所を見つけた。
They had gone two days without food.
類義語lackingabsentbereftexcludingminus
対義語withincludingplus
16
when(adverb)
/wen/
いつ
at what time; on what occasion
When will we go fishing?
いつ釣りに行きますか？
domestic violence(= between family members)
類義語at what timeon what occasionat which pointduring what time
対義語never
17
yes(exclamation)
/jes/
はい
used to answer a question and say that something is correct or true
Yes, it's me.
はい、私です。
‘Are you coming? Yes or no?’
類義語affirmativeindeedayesurecertainlyabsolutely
対義語nonegativenay
18
to(preposition)
/tə/
〜へ, 〜に, 〜まで
in the direction of something; towards something
We walked to the park after lunch with our friends.
私たちは昼食後、友人たちと公園へ歩いて行った。
類義語in order tofortowards
対義語from
19
with(preposition)
/wɪð/
～と
in the company or presence of somebody/something
a nice steak with a bottle of red wine
赤ワインのボトルとおいしいステーキ
She lives with her parents.
類義語alongsideaccompanyingtogether withincludingplus
対義語without
20
there(adverb)
/ðer/
〜がある, 〜がいる
used to show that something exists or happens
There seemed to be no doubt about it.
それについては疑いの余地がないように思えた。
There's a restaurant around the corner.
類義語in that placein that locationat that pointover therepresent
対義語herenowhere
21
would(modal verb)
/wʊd/
〜するだろう, 〜するつもりだ
used as the past form of 'will' when reporting what somebody said or thought
She asked if I would help.
彼女は私が手伝ってくれるかどうか尋ねた。
He said he would be here at eight o'clock (= His words were: ‘I will be there at eight o'clock.’).
類義語shouldmightcould
対義語will notrefuse
22
yourself(pronoun)
/jɔːrˈself/
あなた自身
used when the person or people being spoken to both cause and are affected by an action
Help yourself to some cookies.
クッキーを自分で取ってください。
類義語selfpersonallyindividually
対義語anotherotherssomebody else
23
will(modal verb)
/wɪl/
〜だろう, 〜するつもりだ
used for talking about or predicting the future
I think it will rain tomorrow, so take an umbrella.
明日は雨が降ると思うから、傘を持って行きなさい。